Nomadic Handwoven Treasures of Iran: Varis-Bafi and Shirdang-Bafi

Introduction

Among the wide range of nomadic handicrafts of Iran, two of the most fascinating weaving techniques are Varis-Bafi (وریس‌بافی) and Shirdang-Bafi (شیردنگ‌بافی). These ancient textile arts are created by Iranian nomadic tribes using simple tools, natural fibers, and centuries-old techniques passed down through generations. Internationally, these weaving styles are often referred to as tablet weaving or card weaving, yet in Iran, they carry unique cultural meanings deeply tied to the daily life and identity of nomads.

These arts are not just decorative; they are functional handwoven products, closely related to the livelihood, rituals, and traditions of Iran’s nomadic communities.

What is Varis-Bafi?

Varis-Bafi is a type of narrow weaving made by Iranian nomads, especially in western and southern regions of Iran. The word Varis refers to the strong woven bands or straps produced in this method.

Purpose: These woven straps are mainly used in daily nomadic life — such as for tying loads on pack animals, securing tents, or decorating household equipment.
Technique: The weaver uses a set of wooden cards (sometimes square with four holes) and threads passed through them. By rotating the cards, patterns emerge on the strap.
Materials: Nomads use sheep wool or goat hair, dyed with natural colors like madder red, indigo blue, or walnut brown.
Designs: Geometric motifs, tribal symbols, and zigzag patterns dominate Varis-Bafi, each reflecting the tribe’s identity and cultural background.

Shirdang-Bafi: The Art of Decorative Straps

Shirdang-Bafi is another form of tribal weaving, practiced among nomadic groups in southwestern and central Iran.

Function: Unlike Varis-Bafi, which is mostly utilitarian, Shirdang straps are highly decorative. They are used to adorn horse and camel saddles, tent edges, and wedding equipment.
Meaning of the Name: “Shirdang” literally means “lion’s tail,” symbolizing strength, protection, and beauty in nomadic culture.
Colors and Patterns: These woven straps are colorful, often featuring diamond motifs, triangular shapes, and symbolic lines representing nature, fertility, and spirituality.
Cultural Value: Shirdang-Bafi is considered a form of nomadic art, showcasing the creativity of women who weave them during migration seasons.

Tablet Weaving: The Global Connection

What Iranians call Varis-Bafi and Shirdang-Bafi is widely recognized across the world as tablet weaving or card weaving. This ancient craft exists in many cultures — from Viking bands in Scandinavia to medieval straps in Europe. However, the Iranian version is distinguished by its:

Use of tribal symbols unique to nomads of Iran
Natural wool and eco-friendly dyeing traditions
Strong connection to nomadic lifestyle and rituals

This global parallel makes Iranian nomadic weaving highly appealing to collectors, anthropologists, and lovers of handwoven tribal art worldwide.

Cultural and Artistic Significance

Iranian nomadic weavings such as Varis-Bafi and Shirdang-Bafi are more than just crafts. They represent:

Nomadic Identity – Patterns often encode tribal affiliations and social status.
Practical Value – Strong straps for securing loads, reflecting the needs of a migrating lifestyle.
Artistic Expression – Women artisans embed stories, beliefs, and symbols into the woven bands.
Sustainability – Using hand-spun wool and natural dyes, these crafts embody eco-friendly traditions.

Why Collectors and Enthusiasts Value Nomadic Weaving

In recent years, interest in Iranian nomadic handicrafts has grown among collectors, museums, and handmade textile enthusiasts in North America, Europe, and Asia. Varis-Bafi and Shirdang-Bafi attract attention because they combine:

Functionality – still usable in modern interiors and fashion accessories
Authenticity – each piece is one-of-a-kind, tied to a tribe and artisan
Cultural Depth – carrying centuries of Iranian nomadic heritage

They are not only historical but also adaptable to modern design trends, appearing as belts, wall hangings, or decorative trims in contemporary art and fashion.

Conclusion

Varis-Bafi and Shirdang-Bafi are shining examples of Iranian nomadic weaving traditions. More than just tribal handicrafts, they are living artworks that connect us to the resilience, beauty, and creativity of Iran’s nomadic communities.

For those who love handwoven by nomads, exploring these traditional arts is like stepping into a world where utility, symbolism, and artistic imagination meet. Whether you call it tablet weaving, card weaving, or by its Iranian names — Varis and Shirdang — this heritage deserves recognition and preservation as one of the jewels of Iranian nomadic art. you can also find varis product such as glasses strap, bag, belt, in these links below:
1) https://roostatish.com/product/handwoven-cotton-tote-bag-with-nomad-card-woven-strap-sustainable-tribal-inspired-design/
2) https://roostatish.com/product/handwoven-tribal-belt-gozhdin-flower-pattern/
3) https://roostatish.com/product/handwoven-cotton-tote-bag-with-nomad-card-woven-strap-sustainable-tribal-inspired-design/